This tutorial will cover the basics and advance Python Operator with explanations and real-world examples. In Programming Language, Operators hold a special purpose of data manipulation and decision making part. By applying these operators you have assign values, compare variables, and also perform mathematical operators on them.

Table of Contents

• Types of Operators in Python
• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Identity Operators
• Walrus Operator ( Introduced in Python 3.8 )

Types of Operators in Python

There are different types of Operators that serve a specific purpose and here you’ll learn about six types of operators.

• Arithmetic Operators: This operator performs arithmetical operations of variables.
• Assignment Operators: This operator assigns values to variables.
• Comparison Operators: Compares values of two or more variables and returns a boolean value.
• Logical Operators: Performs logical AND, OR, and NOT operation on variables.
• Identity Operators:
• Bitwise Operators:
• Walrus Operator:

Arithmetic Operators

    
#Addition
a=15
b=12
c=a+b

print(c)

#Subtraction
a=10
b=3
c=a-b
print(c)

#Multiplication
a=7
b=3
c=a*b
print(c)

#Division
a=8
b=2
c=a/b
print(c)

#Modulus
a=15
b=4
c=a%b
print(c)

#Exponential
a=2
b=4
c=a**b # this means 2 to power of 4 (2^4)
print(c)

#Floor Division
a=7
b=2
c=a//b #the division ans will be 3.5 but floor will round the value to 3
print(c)

#PYTHON OUTPUT
27
7
21
4.0
3
16
3

Assignment Operators

Assignment Operators are used for assigning values to the variables. Consider value 3 to be assigned to a variable num then here is the way you would assign it as a = 3 and the equal to the operator is called the assignment operator. List of Assignment Operators

# (=) Operator
a=5
print(a)

# (+=) Operator
a=2
a+=4
print(a)

# (-=) Operator
a=5
a-=2
print(a)

# (/=) Operator
a=8
a/=2
print(a)

# (%=) Operator
a=15
a%=3
print(a)

# (//=) Operator
a=9
a//=4
print(a)

# (**=) Operator
a=2
a**=4
print(a)

# (&=) Operator
a=2
a&=2 
print(a) # this are used the verify if the same variable exists in the memory

# (|=) Operator
a=8
a|=10
print(a)

# (^=) Operator
x=1
x^=4
print(x)

# (>>=) Operator
a=5
a>>=10

# (<<=) Operator 
a=3
a<<=3
print(a)

#PYTHON OUTPUT
5
6
3
4.0
0
2
16
2
10
5
24

Comparison Operators

Comparison Operators are helpful in comparing the values of expressions inside statements. They only return boolean values. Some of the Comparision Operators are:

a=5
b=5

# equalsTo (==) Operator
if a==b:
    print('a value is equal to b value')


a=5
b=4

# not equalsTo (!=) Operator
if a!=b:
    print('a value is not equal to be value')

a=5
b=4

# Greater than (>) Operator
if a>b:
    print('a value is greater the b value')

a=5
b=6

# Lesser than Operator
if a<b:
print('a value is lesser than b value')

a=4
b=4

# Greater than equalTo Operator
if a>=b:
    print('a value is greater than and equal to b value')

a=5
b=5

# Lesser than equalTo Operator
if a<=b:
    print('a value is lesser than and equal to b value')

#PYTHON OUTPUT
a value is equal to b value
a value is not equal to be value
a value is greater the b value
a value is lesser than b value
a value is greater than and equal to b value
a value is lesser than and equal to b value

Logical Operators

Logical Operators perform logical/analytical tasks on expressions and also for chaining multiple expressions together in a statement.

    
a=5
b=4
c=3

# and logical operator
if a>b and a>c:
    print(a)

# or logical operator
if b>a or b>c:
    print(b)

#PYTHON OUTPUT
5
4

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise Operator works with bits of operands and unlike other operators, it sees operands as binary digits. The bitwise operator can perform ~ Complement, & AND, | OR, << Left Shift and >> Right, Shift operations on its operands.

~ Complement Operator

Complement operator reverses the operands binary digits and returns it number value. Consider the number 5 whose binary value is 0000 0101 and if you perform complement on this than the output will be 1111 1010 and if you do 2’s complement over this digit than you’ll get -6 as output.

print(~5) # returns -6

print(~10) # returns -11

Bitwise AND Operator

This operator does AND operation of binary digits. It works on the truth table which is given below.

Here the output will be 1 when both values are 1. Let’s solve this by an example.

print( 2 & 3 ) #returns 2

Explanation

   number Binary Digits
     2     0000 0010
     3     0000 0011    
    ------------------ Bitwise AND Operation
           0000 0010   Output is 2         

Bitwise OR Operator

This operator does the OR operation of binary digits. It works on the truth table which is given below.

Here the output will be 1 when one of them or both values are 1. Let’s solve this by an example.

print( 2 | 3 ) #returns 3

Explanation

   number Binary Digits
     2     0000 0010
     3     0000 0011    
    ------------------ Bitwise OR Operation
           0000 0011   Output is 3         

Bitwise Left Shift

This operator shifts the digits from the right-hand side to the left-hand side from the decimal point. In such case, the left side gains extra digits. Let’s solve this by an example.

print( 10 << 2 ) #returns 40

Explanation

   number Binary Digits
    10     0000 1010.00
    40     0010 1000    Here the zeros from right are moved to left side

Bitwise Right Shift

This operator shifts the digits from the lefthand side to the righthand side from the decimal point. In such case the left side loose extra digits to the righthand side. Let’s solve this by an example.

print( 10 >> 2 ) #returns 2

Explanation

   number Binary Digits
    10     0000 1010.00
     2     0000 0010.1000  Here the zeros from left are moved to right side

Identity Operators

This special Identity Operators are used to validate the two given values that exist in the same memory. The two identity operators are is and is not

Example

a = 5
b = 5

c = {}
d = {}

e = [1]
f = [1]

g = [2]
h = g

print( a is b ) # True
print( c is d ) # False
print( e is f ) # False
print( g is h ) # True

The a is b returns True because they are numbers with the same value. The c is d, e is f are dictionary and list so hence stored separately in memory so it returns False. But g is h returns True because h points to same memory location as g.

a = -5
b = 5

print( a is not b ) # True

a = 3
b = 2
a = b
print( a is not b ) # False    

Walrus Operator ( Introduced in Python 3.8 )

This operator was introduced in Python Version 3.8. Using this operator we can assign value to other variables inside expression and during conditional checking. Let us look at its syntax and then go further in detail.

Syntax

new_variable := old_variable

The operator is represented using symbol colon followed by equal to sign :=. The value stored in old_variable is assigned to new_variable.

Example

num = 15

(age:=num)

print("Ryan's age is {}".format(age))

#PYTHON OUTPUT
Ryan's age is 15

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Summary

Reviewer

Operators in Python

Review Date

2020-07-20

Reviewed Item

The Code Learners

Author Rating

5

Software Name

Python Programming Language

Software Name

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Software Category

Programming Language